Hormonal diagnostics in gynecology is associated with the determination sex hormones level of sex hormones (estrogen and progesterone) secreted by the ovaries.

Production of hormones by the ovaries is regulated by the hypothalamus and pituitary. Under the influence of various stimuli the hypothalamus releases gonadotropin - releasing hormone GnRH, which stimulates the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland to secrete lutropin (LH) and follitropin (FSH).

FSH together with LH influences stimulates ovarian follicle growth and maturation, ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum, which cells synthesize and secrete progesterone. Increased concentrations of LH for approximately 14 days before the end of the cycle is the ovulation trigger.

Another hormone that affects the menstrual cycle is prolactin (PRL) produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland Estradiol, progesterone, LH, FSH and PRL tests are useful in the diagnosis of ovarian dysfunction. Too low levels of estrogen, progesterone together with low levels of LH and FSH indicate the failure of the anterior lobe of the pituitary or the hypothalamus failure. In that case ovarian dysfunctions is a secondary disease, which is named secondary hypogonadism.

Too low levels of estrogen and progesterone with associated FSH and LH levels increase indicate ovarian hormonal dysfunction. In this case we deal with primary hypogonadism (Turner Syndrome, ovaries destruction through the inflammation process,of inflammation, premature menopause, disease state associated with hyperprolactinaemia).

It is currently proposed to monitor the levels of these hormones in the 2nd-3rd day of cycle. To assess the capacity of the corpus luteum - progesterone in the second phase of the cycle.

In gynecology indications for hormone testing are:

>  menstrual cycle length disorders - cycles longer than 31 days and shorter than 21 days.
>  primary or secondary amenorrhea
>  occurrence of hirsutism symptoms
>  additional bleeding and abnormal abundance of bleedings
>  premature or delayed puberty

See also:

Menstrual disorders

Hirsutism (excessive hairiness)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Premature menopause